Knob and tube wiring gets its name from the two components used to route and protect the wires as they run through a home's framing. Ceramic knobs were nailed to joists and studs to hold the wire in place, and ceramic tubes were inserted through framing members to protect the wire where it passed through wood.
The system runs two separate conductors — one hot, one neutral — through the walls, attic, and basement of a home. Unlike modern wiring, knob and tube has no ground wire. This is a fundamental limitation: without a ground, there is no safe path for fault current, which means that a wiring fault can result in shock or fire rather than a tripped breaker.
Why Seattle Homes Are Especially Affected
The Seattle metropolitan area has an unusually high concentration of homes built between 1900 and 1950 — particularly in neighborhoods like Capitol Hill, Ballard, Fremont, Wallingford, Columbia City, Beacon Hill, and West Seattle. Many of these homes still have portions of their original knob and tube wiring intact, sometimes mixed with later additions of modern wiring in a patchwork that can be even more hazardous than the original system alone.
Seattle's wet climate also accelerates insulation degradation on older wiring. The cloth and rubber insulation used on knob and tube wiring becomes brittle and cracked over time — and moisture speeds that process considerably. What may have been in acceptable condition decades ago is often a genuine fire risk today.
The Insulation Problem
Knob and tube wiring was designed to dissipate heat into open air. It was never designed to be surrounded by insulation. When well-meaning homeowners or contractors added attic or wall insulation over the years — especially blown-in or spray foam insulation — they inadvertently trapped heat around knob and tube wiring that was designed to breathe. This dramatically increases the risk of overheating and fire.